Under the Family Code 1988 (Código da Família), Articles 120-125, paternity is determined by:
(a) The birth mother is the legal mother (Article 120).
(b) The husband at the time of birth is presumed the father (Article 121). Outside marriage, paternity requires voluntary acknowledgment or judicial proof (Article 123).
For informal sperm donation (AI or NI), no provisions address donor status. A donor risks legal recognition as the father if biologically linked and proven via court order (Article 123), with no exemptions for informal arrangements.
Assisted Reproduction:
Angola has no specific ART legislation as of 2025. Clinical ART is virtually nonexistent, with only basic fertility consultations in private clinics in Luanda, unregulated by statute.
Informal sperm donation lacks legal recognition or regulation. Cultural norms emphasizing marriage and patrilineal descent, combined with limited healthcare access, make it rare, leaving donors unprotected from paternity claims.
Single women and same-sex couples have no access to ART due to practical and cultural barriers, not explicit legal prohibitions.
Sperm Donor Agreements:
No legal framework supports informal sperm donation contracts. The Family Code (Articles 121-123) prioritizes statutory paternity over private agreements.
A donor could face paternity obligations if a court establishes biological ties, with no statutory shield for informal donation.
Surrogacy:
Surrogacy is unregulated. The Family Code (Article 120) designates the birth mother as the legal mother, implying no legal basis for surrogacy agreements.
Cultural opposition and economic constraints make surrogacy rare; international arrangements require judicial recognition.
Parentage Agreements:
Parentage is formalized through marriage or judicial processes under the Family Code. Informal agreements are unenforceable unless validated by a court (Article 123).
Courts may assign paternity based on biology, prioritizing child welfare over donor intent.