{
  "code": "NZ",
  "name": "New Zealand",
  "last_reviewed": "2026-07",
  "confidence": "medium",
  "black_letter": "New Zealand parentage after donor conception is primarily in Status of Children Act 1969 ss 17\u201318 (birth parent; non-partner semen/ovum donor generally not a parent; partner parentage where statutory conditions met). The HART Act 2004 regulates clinic-based assisted reproductive procedures, information/register rules, and commercial/ethics limits\u2014private peer-to-peer arrangements sit outside clinic registry protections even when parentage statutes may still apply. Surrogacy is altruistic and typically requires post-birth adoption for intended parents who are not automatic parents. Map coding remains conservative for informal AI because private arrangements lack HART safeguards and fact-patterns can still litigate; specialist NZ counsel required.",
  "ai_informal": "statute_conditional",
  "ni": "not_recognized",
  "physician_or_clinic_for_safe_harbor": "clinic_strongly_preferred",
  "agreement_effect": "evidence_only",
  "key_citations": [
    {
      "label": "Status of Children Act 1969 \u2014 non-partner semen donor rule",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1969/0018/latest/DLM390030.html",
      "quote": "\u2026 man A is not, for any purpose, a parent of any child of the pregnancy \u2026 (confirm current section number and full conditions on legislation.govt.nz)."
    },
    {
      "label": "Human Assisted Reproductive Technology Act 2004",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2004/0092/latest/DLM317219.html"
    },
    {
      "label": "Adoption Act 1955",
      "url": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1955/0093/latest/DLM292681.html"
    },
    {
      "label": "Community Law NZ \u2014 surrogacy & IVF parentage summary",
      "url": "https://communitylaw.org.nz/community-law-manual/chapter-14-parents-guardians-and-caregivers/surrogacy-and-ivf/"
    }
  ],
  "emerging_law_note": "Do not rely on outdated \u201clicensed physician only\u201d one-liners for Status of Children ss 17\u201318\u2014confirm current official text. Private arrangements still lack HART registry/clinic safeguards.",
  "page": "/Pages/NZ/nz.html",
  "region_group": "NZ",
  "status_badges": {
    "AI-Single": "Conditional",
    "AI-Married": "Conditional",
    "NI": "Banned",
    "Contract": "Unknown"
  }
}