{
  "code": "US-TX",
  "name": "Texas",
  "last_reviewed": "2026-07",
  "confidence": "high",
  "black_letter": "Texas \u00a7 160.702 says a \u201cdonor\u201d is not a parent of a child conceived by assisted reproduction, but \u00a7 160.102(6) defines \u201cdonor\u201d as one who provides eggs or sperm to a licensed physician for assisted reproduction (with listed exceptions). Informal AI without physician intermediary is outside the safe harbor. In the Interest of P.S. (Tex. App. 2016) treated a direct provider as not a statutory donor.",
  "ai_informal": "clinic_or_physician_required",
  "ni": "not_recognized",
  "physician_or_clinic_for_safe_harbor": "yes",
  "agreement_effect": "evidence_only",
  "key_citations": [
    {
      "label": "Tex. Fam. Code ch. 160",
      "url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/FA/htm/FA.160.htm",
      "quote": "\u201cDonor\u201d means an individual who provides eggs or sperm to a licensed physician to be used for assisted reproduction, regardless of whether the eggs or sperm are provided for consideration."
    },
    {
      "label": "Interest of P.S. (Tex. App. 2016)",
      "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Interest+of+P.S.%22+Texas+sperm+donor+licensed+physician+2016"
    },
    {
      "label": "In re P.S., No. 02-16-00008-CV, 2016 WL 6277374 (Tex. App.\u2014Fort Worth Oct. 27, 2016)",
      "url": "https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22In+re+P.S.%22+02-16-00008-CV+Fort+Worth+sperm",
      "quote": "The evidence presented at trial conclusively established that Father did not provide his sperm donation to a licensed physician. Because Father did not provide his sperm to a licensed physician, he is not a \u201cdonor\u201d under section 160.102(6), and section 160.702\u2019s nonparentage rule for donors does not apply."
    }
  ],
  "emerging_law_note": "Always re-read current official code; definitions of \u201cdonor\u201d and \u201cassisted reproduction\u201d control.",
  "page": "/Pages/US/TX/tx.html",
  "region_group": "US",
  "status_badges": {
    "AI-Single": "Banned",
    "AI-Married": "Banned",
    "NI": "Banned",
    "Contract": "Unknown"
  }
}