{
  "code": "ZA",
  "name": "South Africa",
  "last_reviewed": "2026-07",
  "confidence": "limited",
  "black_letter": "South African law addresses artificial fertilisation and parentage in ways that are clinic- and statute-structured rather than California-style informal UPA. Informal peer-to-peer donation should be treated as elevated risk without specialist advice. Public English materials on pure informal AI remain thinner than for clinic ART.",
  "ai_informal": "clinic_or_physician_required",
  "ni": "not_recognized",
  "physician_or_clinic_for_safe_harbor": "yes",
  "agreement_effect": "limited_or_unclear",
  "key_citations": [],
  "emerging_law_note": "Where public materials are thin, “Unknown” on this site means no clear published safe harbor—not that private arrangements are criminal. Further clarity often requires litigation or legislation.",
  "page": "/Pages/ZA/za.html",
  "region_group": "ZA"
}